N.S. Xua, and S. Ejaz Huqb
aState Key Lab of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
bCentral Microstructure Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK
Available online 12 February 2005.
Abstract
Field emission (FE) is based on the physical phenomenon of quantum tunneling, in which electrons are injected from the surface of materials into vacuum under the influence of an applied electric field. A variety of field emission cold cathode materials have been developed to date. In this review, we shall focus on several kinds of novel cold cathode materials that have been developed in the past decade. These include materials for microfabricated field-emitter arrays, diamond and related films, carbon nanotubes, other quasi one-dimensional nanomaterials and printable composite materials. In addition, cold cathode materials have a wide range of applications such as in flat panel displays, high-power vacuum electronic devices, microwave-generation devices, vacuum microelectronic devices and vacuum nanoelectronic devices. Applications are in consumer goods, military industries and also space technology. A comprehensive overview of the various applications is presented. Recently, recognizing the strong possibility that vacuum nanoelectronic devices using quasi one-dimensional nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes may emit electrons with driving voltages comparable to that of a solid-state device, there is a growing interest in novel applications of such devices. With such exciting opportunities, there is now a flurry of activities to explore applications far beyond those considered for the conventional hot cathodes that operate on thermionic emission. We shall discuss the details of a number of fascinating potential applications.
Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports : Novel cold cathode materials and applications
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